An Empire on the Edge (book review)

An Empire on the Edge (book review)

Book review:

An Empire on the Edge:

How Britain Came to Fight America

 

by Nick Bunker

 

Here’s the short version of Nick Bunker’s thesis:

King George and his government

     let the North American colonies slip from their grasp.

 

A newcomer to the history of the American Revolution might think that this book is a cockeyed way to learn about the “shot heard ‘round the world” and the consequences of the shooting at Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775.

An informed student of the Revolutionary War probably will find much new material in Bunker’s relentlessly detailed An Empire on the Edge: How Britain Came to Fight America.

On our side of the pond, we don’t have much opportunity to consider the war or the revolution from the British point of view.

Bunker offers devastating detail about the ill-informed, patronizing, self-serving, doctrinaire, and sometimes feckless actions of Lord North and the British government in the years that led to the sanguinary clash of British regulars and American farmers-militiamen on the road from Concord, through Lexington, to Boston on “that famous day and year.”

An Empire on the Edge offers extensive documentation confirming that the British leaders were largely ignorant of the scope and depth of colonial antipathy toward the various punitive measures that Britain sought to impose in North America, as early as 1765 (the Stamp Act) and continuing to the final, ill-fated steps to chastise the city of Boston after the notorious Tea Party in late 1773.

Bunker describes the half-cocked military moves by Lord North and his ministers in the years leading up to the disastrous outing to Lexington-Concord. The king and his government were not prepared to wage war successfully in North America, partly because they waited too long to believe that the colonists actually would fight, and partly because they disdained the colonials’ fighting capacity, and partly because they put higher priority on their Caribbean sugar colonies, and partly because they were pre-occupied with the military threat posed by France and various European intrigues.

lexington-180975_640Bunker doesn’t speculate on a question that occurs to me: after that first shot was fired at Lexington, did the British really commit themselves to winning the war?

The king and his government made the commitment to fight. They did not, however, at any time before or during the war, commit all the king’s horses and all the king’s men to the military campaign to regain dominion in North America. As the fighting began, a British victory was not immediately feasible. Perhaps it did not become feasible.

Bunker’s analysis of the planning and wrangling in Lord North’s war room suggests that the British wanted to win, but never pushed the right strategic buttons to bring victory within their grasp.

 

Book review. Copyright © Richard Carl Subber 2016 All rights reserved.

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Book review: An Empire Divided

King George and his ministers

wanted the Caribbean sugar islands

more than they wanted the 13 colonies…

by Andrew Jackson O’Shaughnessy

click here

My first name was rain: A dreamery of poems with 52 free verse and haiku poems,
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and free in Kindle Unlimited, search Amazon for “Richard Carl Subber”

 

 

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Book review: American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence

Book review: American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence

Basically, it’s trash talk

         to King George

 

 

Book review:

American Scripture:

Making the

Declaration of Independence

 

by Dr. Pauline Maier (1938-2013)

New York: Vintage Books, A Division of Random House Inc., 1998.

 

The Declaration of Independence was a re-write…

and it didn’t start the Revolution.

My quick review of what we know about the Declaration, courtesy of Prof. Pauline Maier: basically, it’s trash talk to King George III.

American Scripture exposes the backstory of the Declaration. Yes, Thomas Jefferson wrote the draft in his stuffy room in Philadelphia, but the final document is the work of many hands. The Second Continental Congress substantially reworked Jefferson’s draft. The Declaration didn’t “start” the American Revolution. It wasn’t the “kickoff” event. It was more like a final formality to officially authorize the colonial rebellion that had been evolving for years—and had been a shooting war for more than a year.

A procedural point that’s interesting to me: much of the stirring prose in the Declaration had already been written in various forms by Jefferson and others in the multitude of documents approved locally throughout the colonies, expressing the colonials’ increasing frustration with the failure of their efforts to negotiate a suitable accommodation with the King and his ministers and Parliament. Until the shooting started, there was persistent strong support throughout the colonies for remaining within the empire as long as American self-government could be sustained.

Finally, there is Maier’s take on the Declaration as a late blooming “American Scripture.” She documents, and challenges, the 19th century politicians’ cumulative (and heedlessly incorrect) re-interpretation of the Declaration as a statement of governing principles and a blueprint for American political values and American democracy. Maier also makes a plain case that the Declaration was intended only to demonstrate why, finally, the colonial disdain of King George had made American rebellion necessary and unavoidable.

 

Here is one note for the serious reader: Chapter 4 incongruously seems to stray into anecdotal commentary on various interpretations by Abraham Lincoln and others. I understand the imputed relevance, but this section of American Scripture seemed to be casually written and insufficiently edited.

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Book review. Copyright © Richard Carl Subber 2017 All rights reserved.

A poet is a “maker”

…and it doesn’t have to rhyme…

click here

 

 

Book review: Shantung Compound

They didn’t care much

        about each other…

by Langdon Gilkey

click here

In other words: Poems for your eyes and ears with 64 free verse and haiku poems,

and the rest of my poetry books are for sale on Amazon (paperback and Kindle)

and free in Kindle Unlimited, search Amazon for “Richard Carl Subber”

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Book review: Forced Founders

Book review: Forced Founders

about the so-called “Founding Fathers”…

 

 

Book review:

Forced Founders:

Indians, Debtors, Slaves

& the Making of the

American Revolution in Virginia

 

by Woody Holton  

Williamsburg, VA: the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, 1999.

256 pages

 

Holton offers a backstory to the drive by Virginia’s elite political leaders to support the Declaration of Independence and the rebellion against England. He argues that Indians, slaves, merchants and small farmers, each in their own sphere, exerted influence on Washington, Jefferson and other Virginia leaders that helped to motivate their advocacy for independence.

Holton provides rich detail as he explores the obvious and not-so-obvious relationships of these interest groups, and as he describes the not wholly successful effort of the powerful landowners (in many cases, they were also land speculators) to achieve and expand their control of the factors of production: land, capital and labor.

Holton is at his most persuasive when he details circumstances in which the interests of the elites were more or less congruent with the interests of the generally disenfranchised but nevertheless potent subordinate classes who occupied their colonial world.

Forced Founders supports and enlarges our understanding that the so-called “Founding Fathers” were not a monolithic group motivated exclusively by patriotic fervor for independence.

Book review. Copyright © Richard Carl Subber 2016 All rights reserved.

 

Book review:

American Scripture:

Making the Declaration of Independence

…basically, it’s trash talk to King George

by Pauline Maier

click here

​-
many waters: more poems with 53 free verse poems,
and the rest of my poetry books are for sale on Amazon (paperback and Kindle)
and free in Kindle Unlimited, search Amazon for “Richard Carl Subber”

 

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Book review: An Empire Divided

Book review: An Empire Divided

it was all about the sugar islands…

 

 

Book review:

An Empire Divided:

The American Revolution

and the British Caribbean

 

by Andrew Jackson O’Shaughnessy

Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000

O’Shaughnessy opens a new chapter in American history for me. One of his central themes is: why didn’t the British West Indies, the “sugar islands,” rebel at the same time as the North American mainland colonies that we know (incompletely) as the 13 original colonies? In fact, why didn’t the fabulously wealthy sugar islands rebel, period?

The West Indies—Barbados, Jamaica, and others in the British Caribbean—were part of the English colonial frontier throughout the period that we customarily regard as colonial American history, but we customarily ignore them. That’s a mistake. The West Indies were strongly integrated with the mainland colonies by trade, but politically they were a breed apart: much more strongly tied to the mother country through their protected status and monopoly exports of sugar products, and therefore much less inclined to rebel and throw away their continuing access to that richly rewarding connection. They needed the English navy to keep predatory French and Spanish forces at bay.

O’Shaughnessy’s prose is engaging, if a bit redundant here and there. He makes it plain that King George and his Privy Council and Parliament consistently dealt with the “big picture” of their Atlantic colonies, and he gives new context to the repeated punitive tax and other policies that helped to precipitate the Revolution.

An interesting revelation is that England never committed and never actually had enough military strength on our side of the pond to defeat Gen. Washington’s somewhat ragtag army.

Apparently the King and his ministers

wanted to hang on to the sugar islands

more urgently than they wanted

to keep the 13 colonies in the family.

Indeed, O’Shaughnessy takes pains to outline his argument that “the defense of the islands influenced British military strategy and contributed to the eventual British defeat at Yorktown,” sealing the victory of the rebellious mainland colonies in 1781 (p. xvi). The demands of West Indies plantation owners for protection, and the desire of the British government to secure the vast wealth of the sugar trade, caused naval and army forces to be allocated to the West Indies and thus drawn away from the Revolutionary War theater.

An Empire Divided was an insightful learning experience for me.

*   *   *   *   *   *

Book review. Copyright © Richard Carl Subber 2016 All rights reserved.

In other words: Poems for your eyes and ears with 64 free verse and haiku poems,
and the rest of my poetry books are for sale on Amazon (paperback and Kindle)
and free in Kindle Unlimited, search Amazon for “Richard Carl Subber”

*   *   *   *   *   *

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